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Josef Ioachim
Born on June 28, 1831 in a small town near Bratislava, Joachim began to tangle with violin difficulties at the age of six in Pest with the Polish violinist S. Serwaczynski; at eight he had already made his stage debut. He continued his studies at the Vienna Conservatoire under H. Helmesberger and J. Böhm and in Leipzig with F. David. Joachim's friendship with Mendelssohn and Schumann greatly influenced the musical development of the young violinist. Schumann dedicated to him his Phantasie for violin and orchestra, and Mendelssohn his Violin Concerto. At the age of twelve Joachim scored a brilliant victory first in Leipzig and later in London with Beethoven's Concerto under the baton of Mendelssohn. At sixteen, on Mendelssohn's invitation, he began to teach at the Leipzig Conservatoire, at the same time playing the first violin in the Gewandhaus Orchestra. Shortly afterwards he moved to Weimar to take up the post of concertmaster. His close friendship with Liszt during that period enhanced the romantic bent of his art. However, differences of opinion led to a break with Liszt. In 1853 Joachim moved to Hannover, where for thirteen years worked as the orchestra's Konzertmeister and “konzertdirektor”. His meeting with Brahms developed into close creative friendship. Joachim made arrangements for the violin of Brahms' Hungarian Dances, while the composer wrote for the Hungarian musician a Violin Concerto; in its finale, according to Brahms' account, he sought to depict his friend's musical portrait. In 1866 Joachim went to live in Berlin, where he founded the Higher Music School of which he had been professor and director till the end of his life. Here he trained many a remarkable violinist, among them Auer and Hubermann. Joachim made triumphant tours of Great Britain and France, Germany, Austria, Hungary and Russia (in 1872 and 1884). His interpretations — a blend of the romantic and academic — were distinguished by profound penetration into the author's concept. Joachim regarded faultless technique a must for conveying the spirit of a composition; himself a virtuoso of the highest order (his repertoire included the works of Paganini and Ernst), his supreme achievements were Bach's “Chaconne” and Beethoven's Concerto, compositions in which none excelled. Joachim was also an interesting composer. To his pen belong three violin concertos, the more significant of which, the last, “Hungarian”, was dedicated to Brahms, numerous variations and pieces for the violin and viola including the “Romance” Op. 2. His cadenzas to Concertos by Viotti Beethoven and Brahms have remained unsurpassed to this day. Towards the end of his life a disorder affecting the hands detracted somewhat from his virtuosity. However, to the end of his days (Joachim died on August 15, 1907) the great violinist preserved his powerful energy and scope, a beautiful tone and improvisational freedom of expression.
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